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基于营养基因组学,鲍勃米勒医生致力提供全周期精准健...

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发表于 2024-4-9 19:37:54 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  营养基因组学是什么?

  营养基因组学 nutrigenomics 或nutritional genomics,是探索营养和遗传之间关系的研究领域。它着眼于我们所吃的食物如何与我们的基因相互作用,以及个体遗传差异如何影响我们对所吃食物中的营养物质(和其他自然产生的化合物)的反应。

  营养基因组学是研究营养素和植物化学物质对机体基因的转录、翻译表达及代谢机理的科学。它以分子生物学技术为基础,应用DNA芯片、蛋白质组学等技术来阐明营养素与基因的相互作用。目前主要是研究营养素和食物化学物质在人体中的分子生物学过程以及产生的效应, 对人体基因的转录、翻译表达以及代谢机制, 其可能的应用范围包括营养素作用的分子机制、营养素的人体需要量、个体食谱的制定以及食品安全等, 它强调对个体的作用。

  例如,如果一个人的基因变异会增加他们患某一特定健康状况(如心脏病或糖尿病)的风险,他们可能能够以特定的方式调整自己的饮食来帮助降低这种风险。

  鲍勃米勒医生通过全基因检测,针对功能基因的序列,变异情况,源头处挖掘健康风险的线索。从体内生化反应过程,揭示基因表达的效果好坏。配合营养基因组学理论,配合机体健康状态,化验结果,营养供给,生活环境等综合评定,为全周期精准健康管理打下坚实的基础。

  营养基因组学是继药物之后源于人类基因组计划的个体化治疗的第二次浪潮。营养基因组学需要更多的研究来充分了解个体遗传差异如何影响我们对不同饮食成分的反应,并基于这些信息制定个性化的全周期精准健康管理。因此其所涉及的学科有营养学、分子生物学、基因组学、生物化学、生物信息学等, 从这个层面上看, 营养基因组学是基于多学科的学科。

  营养基因组学的目标是利用这些信息来创建个性化的饮食,从而帮助预防和治疗疾病。营养基因组学是一个相对较新的领域,但它已经显示出了希望。例如,研究表明,某些饮食改变可以帮助管理或降低疾病的风险,如肥胖、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病,特别是在具有特定遗传变异的个体中。

  目前认为,营养基因组学研究有可能在以下3个方面产生重要影响:

  揭示营养素的作用机制或毒性作用。通过基因表达的变化可以研究能量限制、微量营养素缺乏、糖代谢等问题;应用分子生物学技术,能够测定单一营养素对某种细胞或组织基因表达谱的影响;采用基因组学技术,可以检测营养素对整个细胞、组织或系统及作用通路上所有已知和未知分子的影响。因此,这种高通量、大规模的检测无疑将使学者能够真正了解营养素的作用机制。此外,基因组学技术也将为饲料安全性评价、病原菌检测、掺杂及使伪甄别提供强有力的手段。

  2、阐明动物营养需要量的分子生物标记。应用含有某种动物全部基因的cDNA芯片研究在营养素缺乏、适宜和过剩条件下的基因表达图谱,将发现更多的、能用来评价营养状况的分子标记物。现有的营养需要量均非根据基因表达确定,仅有极少数是依据生化指标。今后,借助于功能基因组学技术,未来可通过从DNA、RNA到蛋白质等不同层次的研究来寻找、发现适宜的分子标记物,作为评价营养素状况的新指标,进而更准确、更合理地确定动物对营养素的需要量,从而彻底改变传统的剂量——功能反应的营养素需要量研究模式。

  3、使个性营养成为可能。目前的营养需要量均系针对群体而言,而未能考虑个体之间的基因差异。如人的基因上约有140——200万个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),其中6万多个存在于外显子中,这可能是人体对营养素需求及产生反应差异的重要分子基础。因此,未来将有可能应用基因组学技术阐明与营养有关的SNPs,并用来研究动物对营养素需求的个体差异,通过基因组成以及代谢型的鉴定,确定个体的营养需要量,使个体营养成为可能,即根据动物的遗传潜力进行个体饲养,这就是“基因饲养”。此外,应用基因组技术也将有助于开发出针对一些针对性强、功效明显的动物源性功能食品。

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